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Home » The Effect of Kleptoparasitic Bald Eagles and Gyrfalcons on the Kill Rate of Peregrine Falcons Hunting Dunlins Wintering in British Columbia (Efecto del Cleptoparasitismo de Haliaeetus leucocephalus y Falco rusticolus sobre la Tasa de Muerte por Cacería
The Effect of Kleptoparasitic Bald Eagles and Gyrfalcons on the Kill Rate of Peregrine Falcons Hunting Dunlins Wintering in British Columbia (Efecto del Cleptoparasitismo de Haliaeetus leucocephalus y Falco rusticolus sobre la Tasa de Muerte por Cacería
Publication Type: | Journal Article |
Year of Publication: | 2012 |
Authors: | Dekker, D, Out, M, Tabak, M, Ydenberg, R |
Journal: | The Condor |
Volume: | 114 |
Issue: | 2 |
Date Published: | 2012 |
ISBN Number: | 00105422 |
Keywords: | Accipitridae, Calidris, Calidris alpina, Ereunetes, Ereunetes alpina, Erolia, Erolia alpina, Falco, Falco gyrfalco, Falco peregrinus, Falco rusticolus, Falconidae, Haliaeetus, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Rhynchodon, Rhynchodon peregrinus, Scolopacidae |
Abstract: | Abstract Kleptoparasitism in birds has been the subject of much research, and the Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is a known kleptoparasite. It has been reported to pirate ducks captured by Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus), but ours is the first study to examine the effect of kleptoparasitic Bald Eagles on the kill rate of shorebird-hunting Peregrines and indirectly on a population of Dunlins (Calidris alpina) wintering in coastal British Columbia. Bald Eagles increased seasonally and yearly from October 2008 to January 2011. When eagles were scarce, Peregrines hunted ducks as well as Dunlins. Conversely, when eagles were numerous Peregrines hunted Dunlins only. In 56 instances, one or more eagles closely followed hunting Peregrines and retrieved 13 Dunlins dropped or downed by the falcons. The Peregrines were also kleptoparasitized by Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus), which pirated 11 Dunlins from Peregrines. Observed losses to kleptoparasites amounted to 24 (36%) of 67 Peregrines' captures. The kill rate per hour of observation was 0.05 hr-1 in October and November when eagles and Gyrfalcons were few but significantly higher at 0.18 hr-1 during January and February. In January 2011, when intraguild kleptoparasites were most abundant, the Peregrine's kill rate was 0.30 hr-1. These results support the hypothesis that kleptoparasites had an indirect effect on a population of wintering Dunlins because Peregrines compensated for prey lost to kleptoparasites by increasing their kill rate. |
URL: | http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/cond.2012.110110 |
Short Title: | The Condor |
Taxonomic name:
Accipitridae (Birds),
Calidris (Birds),
Calidris alpina (Birds),
Falco (Birds),
Falco peregrinus (Birds),
Falco Peregrinus (Birds),
Falco rusticolus (Birds),
Falco rusticolus (Birds),
Falconidae (Birds),
Haliaeetus (Birds),
Scolopacidae (Birds)
Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical):
Ed Baker,
Katherine Bouton
Alice Heaton
Dimitris Koureas,
Laurence Livermore,
Dave Roberts,
Simon Rycroft,
Ben Scott,
Vince Smith