Northern Wheatear - Oenanthe oenanthe

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Common Name : Northern Wheatear
Scientific Name : Oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus, 1758)

Order : Passeriformes
Family : Muscicapidae
Taxonomic Group : Passeriformes - Muscicapidae ( Old World flycatchers )

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General Species Profile

Taxonomy

Clements Checklist of Birds of the World 6.4 December 2009 Updated

Common Name : Northern Wheatear
Scientific Name : Oenanthe oenanthe
Order : Passeriformes Family : Muscicapidae (Old World Flycatchers)
Number of SubSpecies : 4

Taxon Category	Sub Species / Race	Range
group	Oenanthe oenanthe leucorhoa	NE Canada to Greenland and Iceland; > to w Africa
group	Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe	British Isles to Mediterranean and Siberia; > to c Africa
subspecies	Oenanthe oenanthe libanotica	S Spain and Balearic Is. to Iran, Kazakstan and Mongolia
subspecies	Oenanthe oenanthe seebohmi	Morocco to ne Algeria; > to Mauritania

Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World 2006

3rd Edition, 2003. Revised and Corrected per Corrigenda to December 31, 2006

Common Name : Northern Wheatear
Scientific Name : Oenanthe oenanthe
SubFamily : Saxicolinae (Chats)

Number of SubSpecies : 4

Sub Species / Race
Oenanthe oenanthe leucorhoa
Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe
Oenanthe oenanthe libanotica
Oenanthe oenanthe seebohmi

IOC World Bird Names (version 2.2)

IOC Common Name : Northern Wheatear
IOC Scientific Name : Oenanthe oenanthe

Distribution :
Region : EU Range : widespread, also n NA, nw Africa
Non Breeding Range : AF

Order : PASSERIFORMES Family : Muscicapidae
Category : Chats, Old World Flycatchers

A Synopsis of the Birds of India and Pakistan

SYNOPIS NO : 1708

Scientific Name: Oenanthe oenanthe
Common Name: Wheatear

Birdlife International Checklist Ver 3 June 2010

Common Name : Northern Wheatear
Scientific Name : Oenanthe oenanthe ((Linnaeus, 1758))
Birdlife Synonym : Wheatear (6); European Wheatear (7)

BirdLife Redlist Status Year 2010: LC
BirdLife Species FactSheet for Northern Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe )

Taxonomy Treatment : R

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

IUCN Common Name (Eng) : Northern Wheatear, European Wheatear, Wheatear
Scientific Name : Oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus, 1758)
French Name : Traquet Motteux
IUCN Redlist Species FactSheet for Northern Wheatear, European Wheatear, Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe )

Species : oenanthe
Genus : Oenanthe
Family : Muscicapidae Order : Passeriformes

IUCN RedList Status : LC

IUCN RedList Criteria Version : 3.1
IUCN RedList Year Assessed : 2008
IUCN RedList Petitioned : N

Oriental Bird Club Checklist Draft Novemebr 2009

Family : MUSCICAPIDAE

Scientific Name : Oenanthe oenanthe
Common Name : Northern Wheatear

Bibliography

Bibliography of Northern Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe )
Number of Results found : 100

This is latest 100 Papers. To see Complete Bibliography of Northern Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe ) Use Species Bibliography Module

1. Matthew Stevens ; Danae Sheehan ; Jared Wilson ; Graeme Buchanan ;Will Cresswell , (2010), Changes in Sahelian bird biodiversity and tree density over a five-year period in northern Nigeria , Bird Study, 57:2: 156 - 174.

2. Koenig, P. , (2009), Premiere mention du Traquet motteux Oenanthe Oenanthe pour Madagascar , Bulletins of the African Bird Club, 16.2: 223 - 223.

3. Forschler, M.I., Metzger, B., Maggini, I., Neumann, R. and Bairlein, F. , (2008), Seebohm's WheatearOenanthe oenanthe seebohmi in West Africa , Bulletins of the African Bird Club, 15.2: 242 - 244.

4. Alerstam T;Ba ckman J;Strandberg R;Gudmundsson GA;HedenstrA m A;Henningsson SS;Karlsson HA;RosAcn M; , (2008), Great-Circle Migration of Arctic Passerines, The Auk, 125:4: 831 - 838.

5. Ber Van Perlo , (2006), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), Field Guide Birds of Mexico and Central America; CollinsÂ , : 81.

6. Delingat J., Dierschke V., Schmaljohann H., Mendel B. & Bairlein F. , (2006), Daily stopovers as optimal migration strategy in a long-distance migrating passerine: the Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe., Ardea, 94:3: 593 - 605.

7. Thorup K;Ortvad TE;RabA~l JA; , (2006), DO NEARCTIC NORTHERN WHEATEARS (OENANTHE OENANTHE LEUCORHOA) MIGRATE NONSTOP TO AFRICA?, The Condor, 108:2: 446 - 451.

8. Pearce-Higgins JW;Grant MC; , (2006), Relationships between bird abundance and the composition and structure of moorland vegetation: Capsule Variations in the composition, structure and heterogeneity of moorland vegetation are shown to affect the abundance of eight of nine moorland bird species, with implications for grazing management, Bird Study, 53:2: 112 - 125.

9. Hannah KC; Hannah TA , (2006), First breeding record of the Northern Wheatear in Manitoba., Blue Jay, 64: 196 - 199.

10. Kaboli M; Aliabadian M; Thevenot M; Guillaume CP; Prodon R , (2006), Ecological segregation between Iranian wheatears., Zoology in the Middle East, 39: 41 - 58.

11. Tiberti R , (2006), Northern Wheatears feeding on Common Frogs., British Birds, 99: 268.

12. RF Porter; S.Christensen; P.Schiermacker-Hansen , (2004), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), BIRDS OF THE MIDDLE EAST; Poyser, : 154.

13. Henderson IG;Fuller RJ;Conway GJ;Gough SJ; , (2004), Evidence for declines in populations of grassland-associated birds in marginal upland areas of Britain: Capsule We report large declines among summer populations between 1968 _'80 and 2000, Bird Study, 51:1: 12 - 19.

14. Manen W van , (2004), Northern Wheatears on Aekingerzand in 2004., Drentse Vogels, 18: 27 - 30.

15. Henderson IG; Fuller RJ; Conway GJ; Gough SJ , (2004), Evidence for declines in populations of grassland-associated birds in marginal upland areas of Britain., Bird Study, 51: 12 - 19.

16. David Allen Sibley; Rick Cech , (2003), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), The Sibley Field Guide to Birds of Western North America; Knopf, : 341.

17. H.Raffaele; J.Wiley; O.Garrido; A.Keith; J.Raffaele , (2003), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), BIRDS of the WEST INDIES; Princeton University Press, : 202.

18. David Allen Sibley; Rick Cech , (2003), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), The Sibley Field Guide to Birds of Eastern North America; Knopf, 1st Edition: 313.

19. Exnerova A., Jarosik V. & Kristin A. , (2002), Variation in foraging mode of the Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe., Ardea, 90:2: 275 - 284.

20. Exnerova A; Jarosik V; Kristin A , (2002), Variation in foraging mode of the Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe., Ardea, 90: 275 - 284.

21. Dale A.Zimmerman; Donald A.Turner; David J.Pearson , (2001), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), BIRDS of KENYA & NORTHERN TANZANIA; Princeton University Press, : 94 / 447.

22. Joseph Kren , (2001), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), BIRDS OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC; Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd, : 197.

23. Surina B , (2001), Se eno gnezdenje navadnega kup~arja Oenanthe oenanthe na nizki nadmorski visini v Sloveniji [Another lowland breeding site of the Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe in Slovenia], Acrocephalus, 22 (104-105): 47 - 50.

24. Dijk AJ van , (2001), Trend of breeding Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe in Drenthe., Drentse Vogels, 14: 25 - 39.

25. Peterjohn, B. , (2001), Delaware Bird Records Committee annual report for 2001., Delmarva Ornithologist, 33: 34 - 42.

26. Jenni-Eiermann, S., L. Jenni. , (2001), Postexercise ketosis in night-migrating birds., Physiological & Biochemical Zoology, 74: 90 - 101.

27. Green RC; Wallace DIM , (2001), A measure of reduced autumn emigration through Inner London., British Birds, 94: 505 - 506.

28. PÃ¤rt T , (2001), The effects of territory quality on age-dependent reproductive performance in the Northern Wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe., Animal Behaviour, 62: 379 - 388.

29. RS Kennedy; PC Gozales; EC Dickinson; HC Miranda Jr; TH Fisher , (2000), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), A GUIDE TO THE BIRDS OF THE PHILIPPINES; Oxford University Press, USA, : 54.

30. Krys Kazmierczak; Ber van Perlo , (2000), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), A FIELD GUIDE TO THE BIRDS OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT; Yale University Press, : 268.

31. DAVE CURRIE, DES B.A. THOMPSON, TERRY BURKE , (2000), Patterns of territory settlement and consequences for breeding success in the Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe, Ibis, 142:3: 389 - 398.

32. Delingat, J., V. Dierschke. , (2000), Habitat utilization by Northern Wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) stopping over on an offshore island during migration., Vogelwarte, 40: 272 - 278.

33. Picozzi N , (2000), A breeding pair of melanistic Northern Wheatears in Spain., British Birds, 93: 448 - 451.

34. K.Mullarney; L.Svensson; D.Zetterstrom; P.J.Grant , (1999), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), COLLINS BIRD GUIDE - BRITAIN & EUROPE; Collins, : 265.

35. Salim Ali; S Dillon RipleyÂ , (1998), No. 1708. Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe ) (Linnaeus), Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan; Oxford University Press, New Delhi, Volume 9 (Robins to Wagtails ): 45.

36. Chris Kightly; Steve Madge; Dave Nurney , (1998), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), POCKET GUIDE TO THE BIRDS OF BRITAIN AND NORTH-WEST EUROPE; , : 214.

37. Ian Sinclair; Olivier Langrand , (1998), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), BIRDS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS; , : 134.

38. Currie, D. R., et al. , (1998), Male and female behaviour and extra-pair paternity in the Wheatear., Animal Behaviour, 55: 689 - 703.

39. Haynie, C. B. , (1998), Texas Bird Records Committee report for 1996., Bulletin of Texas Ornithology Society, 31: 7 - 21.

40. Ian Sinclair; Phil Hockey; Warwick Tarboton , (1997), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), BIRDS of SOUTHERN AFRICA; 2nd edition, Princeton University Press, : 320.

41. Buckton S. T. & Ormerod S. J. , (1997), Patterns of activity in Meadow Pipits (Anthus pratensis), Whinchats (Saxicola rubetra) and Wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) in upland Wales, and the influence of weather, SYLVIA, 33:1: 23 - 35.

42. Hough, J. , (1997), The status and identification of Northern Wheatears in Connecticut., Connecticut Warbler, 17: 1 - 5.

43. Pulcinella, N. , (1996), Seventh report of the Pennsylvania Ornithological Records Committee---June 1996., PA Birds, 10: 48 - 50.

44. Pailley P; Lacaze T; Beaudoin JC , (1996), Le Traquet motteux Oenanthe oenanthe en Maine-et-Loire. [Wheatear in Maine-et-Loire, France.], Crex, 1: 33 - 35.

45. Jones, P., et al. , (1996), A preliminary assessment of some factors influencing the density and distribution of Palearctic passerine migrants wintering in the Sahel zone of West Africa., Bird Study, 43: 73 - 84.

46. Steve N.G.Howell; Sophie Webb , (1995), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America; Oxford University Press, USA, : 581.

47. Smith, P. W., G. E. Woolfenden. , (1995), Status of the Northern Wheatear in Florida., Florida Field Naturalist, 23: 93 - 96.

48. Dott, H. E. M. , (1995), Wheatears' mountain top roost., Scottish Birds, 18: 60.

49. Hamernick, J. , (1995), Minnesota's second Northern Wheatear., Loon, 67: 189 - 191.

50. Antor, R. J. , (1995), The importance of arthropod fallout on snow patches for the foraging of high-alpine birds., Journal ofÂ Avian Biology, 26: 81 - 84.

51. Riad, A. M. , (1995), First record of Seebohm's Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe seebohmi in Egypt., Bulletin of the Ornithological Society of the Middle East, 35: 36 - 37.

52. Koes, R. , (1995), More on Northern Wheatear., Birders Journal, 4: 158 - 159.

53. Gray, A. , (1995), Northern Wheatears on the northwest coast of Hudson Bay., Birders Journal, 4: 157.

54. Koes, R. F. , (1995), The Northern Wheatear in Canada., Birders Journal, 4: 21 - 28.

55. Baker, R. R. , (1993), The function of post-fledging exploration: a pilot study of three species of passerines ringed in Britain., Ornis Scandinavica, 24: 71 - 79.

56. Crewe, M. , (1993), Leucistic Wheatear at Felixstowe., Suffolk Birds, 42: 143 - 144.

57. Lorek, G., A. Stankowski. , (1993), [Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) nest under a sleeper in active railway track.], Przegl. Przyr., 4(4): 57 - 58.

58. ALAN TYE , (1992), Assessment of territory quality and its effects on breeding success in a migrant passerine, the Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe, Ibis, 134:3: 273 - 285.

59. P. Hope Jones , (1992), Wing lengths and weights of spring Wheatears Oenanthe oenanthe at Bardsey, Gwynedd, Ringing & Migration, 13:3: 162.

60. Odin, N. , (1992), Migrant Northern Wheatears at Landguard Point., Suffolk Birds, 41: 153 - 154.

61. Hope Jones, P. , (1992), Wing lengths and weights of spring Wheatears Oenanthe oenanthe at Bardsey, Gwynedd., Ringing & Migration, 13: 162 - 166.

62. Thorpe, J. P., R. Spencer. , (1992), A large fall of Greenland Wheatears following exceptional weather conditions., Ringing & Migration, 13: 125 - 126.

63. KristÃn, A., A. ExnerovÃ¡. , (1992), On the diet and foraging activity of Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) in old grasslands (Polana Mts., Czechoslovakia)., Acta Soc. Zool. Bohemoslov., 56: 7 - 32.

64. Fussell, J. O., III. , (1992), Observations of a Northern Wheatear on the North Carolina Outer Banks., Chat, 56: 30 - 31.

65. Tye, A. , (1992), Assessment of territory quality and its effects on breeding success in a migrant passerine, the Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe., Ibis, 134: 273 - 285.

66. Moreno, J., L. Hillstrom. , (1992), Variation in time and energy budgets of breeding Wheatears., Behaviour, 120: 11 - 39.

67. BUENO, J. M. , (1991), Migration and wintering of small Turdinae in the Iberian Peninsula. II. Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), Whinchat (Saxicola rubetra) and Stonechat (Saxicola torquata), Ardeola, 38:1: 117 - 129.

68. Sandberg, R., U. Ottosson, J. Pettersson. , (1991), Magnetic orientation of migratory Wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) in Sweden and Greenland., Journal of Experimental Biology, 155: 51 - 65.

69. Bueno, J. M. , (1991), Migration and wintering on small Turdinae in the Iberian Peninsula. II. Wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe, Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra, and Stonechat, Saxicola torquata.], Ardeola, 38: 117 - 129.

70. Currie, D. , (1991), Individual male reproductive success in the Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe on Bardsey., Bardsey Observatory Report, 35: 42 - 45.

71. Keller, T. C. , (1991), Summary of Northern Wheatear sightings in the eastern United States and Canada from January 1981 to December 1990., Indiana Audubon Quarterly, 69: 135 - 137.

72. Bowman, G. , (1991), Northern Wheatear occurrence in Indiana., Indiana Audubon Quarterly, 69: 133 - 134.

73. O'Brien, M. , (1991), First record of Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) in Maryland., Maryland Birdlife, 47: 131 - 134.

74. Webster, J. D. , (1991), First record of Northern Wheatear in Arkansas., Bulletin of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society, 24: 22 - 23.

75. PAUL TATNER , (1990), Energetic demands during brood rearing in the Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe , Ibis, 132:3: 423 - 435.

76. Zamora, R. , (1990), Nest-site selection of the Common Wheatear in high mountain areas of southeastern Spain., The Wilson Journal of Ornithology(formerlyÂ The Wilson Bulletin), 102: 178 - 180.

77. Wartmann, B. A. , (1990), [Behavioral ecology of Water Pipit and Wheatear in the Swiss Alps.], Proc. Int. Meet. DO-G, 100: 383 - 389.

78. Zamora, R. , (1990), Interspecific aggression by the Wheatear in a high-mountain passerine community., Ornis Scandinavica, 21: 57 - 62.

79. Tatner, P. , (1990), Energetic demands during brood rearing in the Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe., Ibis, 132: 423 - 435.

80. Belhache, J. , (1990), [The Wheatear O. oenanthe breeding in the east coast of the Spitzberg.], Alauda, 58: 143.

81. ROBERT J. MEESE, MARK R. FULLER , (1989), Distribution and behaviour of passerines around Peregrine Falco peregrinus eyries in western Greenland, Ibis, 131:1: 27 - 32.

82. Moreno J. , (1989), Energetic constraints on uniparental incubation in the Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe., Ardea, 77:1: 107 - 115.

83. Juan Moreno , (1989), Body-Mass Variation in Breeding Northern Wheatears: A Field Experiment with Supplementary Food, The Condor, 91:1: 178 - 188.

84. JUAN MORENO , (1989), VARIATION IN DAILY ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN NESTING NORTHERN WHEATEARS (OENANTHE OENANTHE), The Auk, 106:1: 18 - 25.

85. Moreno, J. , (1989), Variation in daily energy expenditure in nesting Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe)., Auk, 106: 18 - 25.

86. Moreno, J. , (1989), The breeding biology of the Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe in south Sweden during three contrasting years., Journal ofÂ Ornithology, 130: 321 - 334.

87. Moreno, J. , (1989), Body-mass variation in breeding Northern Wheatears: a field experiment with supplementary food., Condor, 91: 178 - 186.

88. Cumming, E. E. , (1988), Northern Wheatears sighted in Duck Mountain Provincial Park, Manitoba., Blue Jay, 46: 84 - 85.

89. Moreno, J. , (1987), Nestling growth and brood reduction in the Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe., Ornis Scandinavica, 18: 302 - 309.

90. Moreno, J. , (1987), Parental care in the Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe: effects of nestling age and brood size., Ornis Scandinavica, 18: 291 - 301.

91. Castelijns, H., M. A. Capello. , (1987), [Winter records and spring migration of Whinchat, Stonechat, and Wheatear in Oost-Zeeuws-Vlaanderen (SW Netherlands).], Veldornithol. Tijdschr., 10: 79 - 90.

92. Brazil, M. A. , (1987), A record of a Common Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe from Hokkaido., Strix, 6: 103 - 104.

93. Pierre, P. , (1987), [Nesting of Wheatear (O. oenanthe) in Belgian Lorraine and in bordering regions.], Aves, 24: 105 - 111.

94. Gubin, V. M., A. F. Kovshar. , (1985), [Biology of the Wheatear (O. oenanthe) in high elevations of Tien-Shan (central Asia).], Ornithologia, 20: 53 - 59.

95. Houston, A. , (1985), Central-place foraging: some aspects of prey choice for multiple-prey loaders., American Naturalist, 125: 811 - 826.

96. JUAN MORENO , (1984), PARENTAL CARE OF FLEDGED YOUNG, DIVISION OF LABOR, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORAGING TECHNIQUES IN THE NORTHERN WHEATEAR (OENANTHE OENANTHE L.), The Auk, 101:4: 741 - 752.

97. Moreno, J. , (1984), Search strategies of Wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) and Stonechats (Saxicola torquata): adaptive variation in perch height, search time, sally distance and inter-perch move length., Journal of Animal Ecology, 53: 147 - 159.

98. Boothroyd, P. N. , (1984), Northern Wheatears, Oenanthe oenanthe, on Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere islands, Northwest Territories., Canadian Field Naturalist, 98: 48 - 49.

99. Moreno, J. , (1984), Parental care of fledged young, division of labor, and the development of foraging techniques in the Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe L.)., Auk, 101: 741 - 752.

100. Chandler, S.Robbins; Bertel Bruun; Herbert S.Zim; , (1983), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), GOLDEN - BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA; Golden Guides from St. Martin's Press, : 246.

Book Excerpts

The Birds of India - Vol - II Part - I (1863)

Wheat-Ear (Saxicola enanthe)

491. Saxicola enanthe, Linn.

Motacilla, apud LINNAEUS - Blyth, Cat. 980 - Gould, Birds of Europe, pl. 90.

The WHEAT-EAR.

Descr. - Male, above ashy, with a brown tinge; the rump and upper tail-coverts white, and a white supercilium ; lores and eye streak black ; wings dusky, edged with brown ; tall with the two central feathers black for the terminal two thirds, the rest White; the outer feathers black tipped; under surface pale rusty brown, albescent on the belly and under tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts blackish with white edgings.

The female is ashy-brown above, wings dusky brown, tail black tipped. In winter the feathers are broadly edged with rufous, most conspicuous on the wing-coverts and tertiaries.

Length nearly 7 Inches, extent 11 ; wing 4 ; tail 2 3/4; bill at front not quite half; tarsus more than 1.

The Wheat-ear is found, according to the season, over Europe, Northern Africa, and part of Asia. I got a specimen near Mhow, in the cold whether, and it Is known to be found, though rarely, in the Upper Provinces. It is a larger bird than the black-throated "Wheat-ear, which it otherwise somewhat resembles, and has a much stronger bill and legs.*

The Fauna Of British India including Ceylon and Burma 1st Ed. Vol II (1890)

Wheatear Chat (Saxicola oenanthe)

624. Saxicola oenanthe.

The Wheatear Chat.

Motacilla oenanthe, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 332 (1766). Saxicola oenanthe (Linn.), Seebohm, Cat. B. M. v, p. 391; Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 60: Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 444; Hume, S. F. ix, p. 325 note.

Coloration. Male. After the autumn moult the feathers at the base of the upper mandible, a supercilium, and a moustachial streak are white ; lores, tinder the eye, and ear-coverts black; upper plumage slaty grey with broad rufous fringes ; rump and upper tail-coverts white; tail white, except the terminal two-thirds of the middle pair of feathers and the terminal quarter of the others, which are black; all the tail-feathers also tipped with pale buff; wings black, each feather with a rufous margin; lower plumage buff ; under wing-coverts and axillaries brown, edged with white. In summer the rufous fringes are cast, leaving the upper plumage slaty grey and the wings black.

Female. Feathers at base of upper mandible and supercilium pale rufous; lores and upper part of ear-coverts brown; lower part of ear-coverts rich ruddy ; upper plumage brown tinged with rufous ; rump and upper tail-coverts white ; tail as in male ; wing as in male, but not so black; lower plumage rich buff; axillaries and under wing-coverts brown, edged with white. In summer the colours are less brilliant, and the fringes to the wing-feathers are reduced in extent.

Bill and claws black; legs and toes brownish black (Scully); iris dark brown (Seebohm).

Length about 6; tail 2.3; wing 3.8; tarsus 1.05; bill from gape .8.

Distribution. Has been noticed in Gilgit during the spring migration in March and April. It is highly improbable that Jerdon should have procured this Chat in Central India, and there can be little doubt that the species recorded by him under the name of S. oenanthe was S. isabellina.

The Wheatear Chat has an immense range and migrates great distances. According to season it is found over a great part of Asia, Europe, Africa, and North America.

The Fauna Of British India including Ceylon and Burma 2nd Ed. Vol II (1924)

Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe)

(511) Oenanthe Oenanthe Oenanthe.

The Wheatear.

Motacilla Oenanthe Linn., S. N., i, p. 186 (1758) (Sweden). saxicola Oenanthe. Blanf. & Oates, ii, p. 76.

Vernacular names. None recorded.

Description. - Male in summer. Forehead and a broad supercilium white; crown, nape, back and scapulars pale slaty-grey; rump and upper tail-coverts white; central tail-feathers white on the basal third and black on the terminal two-thirds; lateral feathers with two-thirds white and one-third black; lores, cheeks and ear-coverts black; wings black; chin, throat and upper breast bright buff paling to white on centre of abdomen ; under tail-coverts bright buff.

In winter the grey upper parts are fringed with rufescent, the ear-coverts are mixed with rufous; the wing-coverts and quills have broad rufous or whitish margins and the underparts are more buff.

Colours of soft parts. Iris brown; bill black; legs and feet dark horny-brown to almost or quite black, the soles paler and claws always black.

Measurements. Total length about 165 mm.; " wing 93 to 99, rarely to 104 mm; culmen 16 to 19 nun."' (Meinertzhagen). Tarsus about 28 mm.

Female. Above rufous-brown, forehead and faint supercilium pale rufous; lores and upper parts of ear-coverts brown; lower parts of ear-coverts rich buff; below buff, richer on throat and breast; rump and upper tail-coverts white; wings dark brown, all the feathers basally edged with rufous.

Nestling above brown, the feathers pale-centred; rump and upper tail-coverts yellowish white; below dull buff, the feathers of breast and flanks edged with brown.

Distribution. Practically the whole of Europe except Crete; all Western Asia to Turkestan, Persia and Mesopotamia, Afghanistan and Baluchistan, wandering across the boundaries of the last two places into the extreme N.W. Provinces, Gilgit and Northern Kashmir.

Meinertzhagen ('Ibis,' 1922, pp. 14-18) recently reviewed the races of Oenanthe Oenanthe and has come to the conclusion that the supposed Eastern form argentea cannot be maintained. He seems to have based this conclusion on the material in the Tring Museum and a very large number of Western species available from other sources. There are, however, a good series of Persian and Turkestan males in the British Museum which certainly confirm Lonnberg's description of argentea and vary from typical Oenanthe in being somewhat larger but particularly in having the forehead very broadly white. In one or two specimens the white band runs back as far as the back of the eyes and in several others it is nearly as broad. If there is a Turkestan and Persian breeding Wheatear which consistently shows this characteristic it would certainly have to be separated and bear Lonnberg's name of argentea (Saxicola Oenanthe argentea, Arkiv f. Zool., v., p. 22, 1909 : Bura, South of Lake Baikal).

As regards our Indian birds two from Quetta appear to belong to this Persian form, whereas the rest are nearer the true Oenanthe from Europe and Western Asia.

Nidification. The breeding of the Common Wheatear is almost too well known to require

Description. Its nest of grass, roots and scraps of vegetable rubbish is placed inside a hollow in a rock, cliff or pile of stones, often inside a deserted rat or rabbit burrow, or even in the burrow of a Sand-Martin. The lining is either of finer grass and roots or of fur, wool or hair. The eggs number four to six and, rarely, seven and are a very pale skim-milk blue in colour, occasionally with a few taint freckles of pale reddish at the larger end. The average of 100 eggs (Hartert) is 20.7x15.5 mm.: maxima 23.0x16.1 and 22.0x16.5 mm.; minima 19.0 x 14.5 and 19.3 x 14.0 mm.

The breeding-season is from the end of April to early June varying according to locality.

Habits. Like all the Wheatears this bird is a frequenter of open country, preferably such as is barren and stony but also that which is under cultivation. It captures all its food from some point of vantage on a rock or cliff, dashing from time to time on any unfortunate insect which may cross the ground within its sight and then returning to its original perch. Its flight is undulating but fairly strong and when frightened it flies fast and level until it finds itself in fancied safety. It runs quickly for a pace or two on the ground and occasionally attempts to catch insects on the wing. Its song is sweet but short and rather feeble.

The Fauna Of British India including Ceylon and Burma 2nd Ed. Vol VII (1930)

Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe

Oenanthe oenanthe Linn.

Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe Linn.

Motacilla oenanthe Linn., Syst. Nat., 10th ed., vol. i, p. 186, Jan. 1758: Sweden, Europe.

Saxicola oenanthe argentea Lonnberg, Arkiv fur Zool., vol. v, p. 22,1909 : Bura, S. of Lake Baikal.

Museum Collections

Number of Museum Specimen Records Found : 11 for Oenanthe oenanthe

No.	Museum	Species	Collection Deatils	Date of Collection	Record	Locality	GBIF Portal Link
1	Field Museum	Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe	FMNH Birds 238250	1939-08-27 00:00:00.0	Specimen	Lorinj Afghanistan Southern Asia	Link
2	Field Museum	Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe	FMNH Birds 238251	1939-08-27 00:00:00.0	Specimen	Lorinj Pass Afghanistan Southern Asia	Link
3	Field Museum	Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe	FMNH Birds 238277	1939-08-27 00:00:00.0	Specimen	Lorinj Pass Afghanistan Southern Asia	Link
4	Field Museum	Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe	FMNH Birds 238246	1939-08-28 00:00:00.0	Specimen	Sabz Pass Afghanistan Southern Asia	Link
5	Field Museum	Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe	FMNH Birds 238247	1939-08-29 00:00:00.0	Specimen	Sabz Pass Afghanistan Southern Asia	Link
6	Field Museum	Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe	FMNH Birds 238248	1939-08-29 00:00:00.0	Specimen	Sabz Pass Afghanistan Southern Asia	Link
7	Field Museum	Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe	FMNH Birds 238249	1939-08-30 00:00:00.0	Specimen	Balifali Pass Afghanistan Southern Asia	Link
8	Field Museum	Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe	FMNH Birds 238274	1939-08-30 00:00:00.0	Specimen	Baligali Pass Afghanistan Southern Asia	Link
9	Field Museum	Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe	FMNH Birds 238275	1939-08-30 00:00:00.0	Specimen	Shaubashak Afghanistan Southern Asia	Link
10	Field Museum	Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe	FMNH Birds 238276	1939-08-31 00:00:00.0	Specimen	Shaubashak Afghanistan Southern Asia	Link
11	Field Museum	Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe	FMNH Birds 238252	1939-09-01 00:00:00.0	Specimen	Binimang Afghanistan Southern Asia	Link

Biodiversity occurrence data provided by: (Accessed through GBIF Data Portal, 2009-08-06)

Data Providers

Field Museum ( 11 Records )

Sound/Call

21 calls found for Oenanthe oenanthe

Remarks: Slightly out-of-focus
Call Type: calls? (B)

Remarks:
Call Type: alarm (C)

Remarks: Ref. tape B 628-634
Call Type: call of fledged juvenile (B)

Remarks: Ssp: oenanthe. Adult male, at least in 4thCY. Imitating Turdus torquatus flight callsof which a 5-10 birds were present!
Call Type: calls of an adult male (B)

Remarks: Ssp: oenanthe. Bird seen.
Call Type: alarm of female near nest (no score)

Remarks: Song in flight of a 4th CY male.
Call Type: song in flight (no score)

Remarks: Bird seen, male at least 4 years old ('Eddy the King').
Call Type: songle near nest (A)

Remarks: Ssp: oenanthe. Adult male, at least in his 3rd cy.
Call Type: song (B)

Remarks: Pair alarming at breeding site
Call Type: Alarm call (B)

Remarks: Ssp: oenanthe. Bird seen, 2nd cy male. Bird banded as nestling 2008, resighted early april 09 in Wageningen (app. 120km south) and mid april back at its place of birth as an, as yet, unpaired male! High-pass filtered at 300Hz.
Call Type: loud song (A)

Remarks: Ref. tape A 1-8
Call Type: call (B)

Remarks: Ssp: libanotica.
Call Type: Song (C)

Remarks: Warning
Call Type: Call (B)

Remarks: Tak-calls of a perched 2nd CY male, on migration.
Call Type: calls (B)

Remarks: Ssp: oenanthe.
Call Type: song (B)

Remarks: Ssp: ?. Showing signs of mimicry of Black eared Wheatear, both were present at the time.
Call Type: Call & Song (B)

Remarks: Ssp: ?. Same male as XC25050. Another male, present at a distance, comes to contest at the end of the recording. Begging calls of Western Rock Nuthatch chicks can be heard in the background, also adult calls
Call Type: Song, possible mimicry, calls (B)

Remarks:
Call Type: alarm call (A)

Remarks: Ssp: oenanthe.
Call Type: song (B)

Remarks: Ssp: ?. Some traffic noise
Call Type: Song (B)

Remarks:
Call Type: Song (B)

The Bird Calls are embedded through xeno-canto.org See Terms of Use xeno-canto.org

Links

Cite this website along with its URL as:
Anonymous. 2013 Oenanthe oenanthe - Linnaeus, 1758 (Northern Wheatear ) in Deomurari, A.N. (Compiler), 2010. AVIS-IBIS (Avian Information System - Indian BioDiversity Information System) v. 1.0. Foundation For Ecological Security, India retrieved on 05/19/2013

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