Black-and-yellow Grosbeak - Mycerobas icterioides


General Information


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Common Name : Black-and-yellow Grosbeak
Scientific Name : Mycerobas icterioides (Vigors, 1831)

Order : Passeriformes
Family : Fringillidae
Taxonomic Group : Passeriformes - Fringillidae ( Siskins, Crossbills and allies )
Vernacular Name : Kashmir: Wyet tont



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Taxonomy



Common Name : Black-and-yellow Grosbeak
Scientific Name : Mycerobas icterioides
Order : Passeriformes Family : Fringillidae (Siskins, Crossbills, and Allies)
Range : Montane forests of ne Afghanistan to central Nepal

This Species is Monotypic, No Subspecies


3rd Edition, 2003. Revised and Corrected per Corrigenda to December 31, 2006

Common Name : Black-and-yellow Grosbeak
Scientific Name : Mycerobas icterioides
SubFamily : Carduelinae


This Species is Monotypic, No Subspecies



IOC Common Name : Black-and-yellow Grosbeak
IOC Scientific Name : Mycerobas icterioides

Distribution :
Region : OR Range : Himalayas
Order : PASSERIFORMES Family : Fringillidae
Category : Finches



SYNOPIS NO : 1982

Scientific Name: Coccothraustes icterioides
Common Name: Black-and-Yellow Grosbeak



Common Name : Black-and-yellow Grosbeak
Scientific Name : Mycerobas icterioides ((Vigors, 1831))
Birdlife Synonym :

BirdLife Redlist Status Year 2010: LC
BirdLife Species FactSheet for Black-and-yellow Grosbeak ( Mycerobas icterioides )

Taxonomy Treatment : R




IUCN Common Name (Eng) : Black-and-yellow Grosbeak
Scientific Name : Mycerobas icterioides (Vigors, 1831)
IUCN Redlist Species FactSheet for Black-and-yellow Grosbeak ( Mycerobas icterioides )

Species : icterioides
Genus : Mycerobas
Family : Fringillidae Order : Passeriformes

IUCN RedList Status : LC

IUCN RedList Criteria Version : 3.1
IUCN RedList Year Assessed : 2008
IUCN RedList Petitioned : N



Family : FRINGILLIDAE

Scientific Name : Mycerobas icterioides
Common Name : Black-and-yellow Grosbeak



Bibliography


Bibliography of Black-and-yellow Grosbeak ( Mycerobas icterioides )
Number of Results found : 8

1. Krys Kazmierczak; Ber van Perlo , (2000), Black-and-yellow Grosbeak (Mycerobas icterioides), A FIELD GUIDE TO THE BIRDS OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT; Yale University Press, : 300.


2. Salim Ali; S Dillon Ripley  , (1999), No. 1982. Black-and-Yellow Grosbeak (Coccothraustes icterioides ) Vigors, Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan; Oxford University Press, New Delhi, Volume 10 (Flowerpeckers to Buntings ): 131.


3. Robson C; , (1997), Nepal, Oriental Bird Club Bulletin, 26:: 63.


4. A. LEWIS , (1993), Black-and-yellow Grosbeak, Mycerobas icterioides: a new species for Nepal, Forktail, 9: 156.


5. Lewis A; , (1993), Black-and-yellow Grosbeak Mycerobas icterioides: a new species for Nepal, Forktail, 9:December: 156.


6. Neufeldt IA;Vietinghoff-Scheel E; , (1984), Phoenicurus erythrogaster and Mycerobas icterioides, Akademie Verlag Berlin, : .


7. Osborn W; , (1904), The Black and Yellow Grosbeak Hesperiphona icterioides, Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 15:4: 716.


8. Vigors NA; , (1830), (Exhibition of specimens of several species of birds, apparently undescribed, from the Himalayan mountains.), Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, : 7 - 9.



Book Excerpts



725.  Hesperiphona icterioides, Vigors.

Coccothraustes, apud VIGORS - Gould, Cent. Him. Birds, pl. 45 - Birds of Asia, pt. III, pl. 13 - Blyth, Cat. 687 -  Horsf., Cat. 697.

The Black and yellow Grosbeak.

Descr. - Male, with the head and neck, wings, thigh-coverts, the extreme tail-coverts, and tail, black ; the rest of the plumage rich yellow, inclining to orange on the nape, and paler beneath.

The female is dull olivaceous grey, with the back and rump tinged with fulvous, and the abdomen and under tail-coverts more strongly fulvous, or rusty yellow; quills and tad black.

Bill yellow; legs fleshy. Length 9 inches ; wing 5 1/4; tail nearly 4 ; hill at front 1.   The female is a little smaller.

This handsome Grosbeak has only been found in the N. W. Himalayas, extending into part of Nepal, but it is unknown further East. Hutton says that it is only found in the interior of the hills. Adams states that it haunts the Pine-forests of Cashmere in small flocks, and that its call-note is loud and plaintive.




810. Pycnoramphus icteroides, Vigors,

 

P. Z.S. 1830, p. 8; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiii. 1844; Hume, Nests and Eggs, Ind. B. p. 469; id. Str. F. 1819, p. 107. Hesperiphona icteroides, Bp. Consp. Av. p. 505. Coccothraustes icteroides, Vig., Proc. Comm. Sci. and Corr. Zool. Soc.; Hodgson, J. A. S. B. xiii. p. 950, pl. fig. 5.; Gould, B. Asia v. pl. 22; Jerd., B. Ind. ii. p. 384. -
 

The Black and Yellow Grosbeak.

Head, neck, wings, thigh coverts, extreme upper tail coverts and tail black ; no alar speculum ; rest of the plumage rich yellow, inclining to orange on the nape and paler beneath. Bill apple green ; legs fleshy.

The female is dull olivaceous grey, with the back and rump tinged with fulvous and the abdomen and under tail coverts more strongly fulvous or rusty yellow ; quills and tail black. Bill yellow; legs fleshy.

Length. - 8 to 9 inches; wing 5.25 ; tail nearly 4 ; bill at front 1.

Hab. - N. W. Himalayas, extending into Nepaul, but it is unknown further east. Adams states it haunts the pine forests of Cashmere in small flocks. According to Hume, it breeds in the pine forests, south of the first snowy range and west of the Ganges, from 5,000 to 6,000 feet. Murree, Chamba, Kotegurh and Dharamsala are recorded localities of its occurrence.





Pycnorhamphus icteroides (Vigors). 
The Black - and - Yellow Grosbeak.

Hesperiphona icterioides (Vig), Jerd. B. Ind. ii, p. 384.
Pycnorhamphus icterioides (Vig.), Hume,Bough Draft N. & E. no.725.

Common as is the Black - and - Yellow Grosbeak in the pine woods a few miles north of Simla, I have never succeeded in obtaining an egg there, though I have had barely fledged birds repeatedly brought me. They breed in all the pine forests of the Himalayas south of the first snowy ranges and west of the Ganges, at elevations of from 6500 to 9000 feet. Many people have found their nests with young, but, so far as I know. Captain Cock is the only person who has taken their eggs.

This gentleman told me that he " found this bird breeding in the station of Murree and also in Cashmere. May and June is the usual time. My first nest, containing three eggs, was taken on the 28th May, at 8000 feet elevation, upon a sapling lime. I climbed up and found three eggs in the nest, which was constructed of a few twigs and grass, and lined with stalks of maiden - hair fern and fine roots. I shot the female as she left her nest.

"Nests subsequently found seemed to have more moss about their external structure than this one; but though I found nests and young ones, I never again succeeded in getting the eggs."

From Murree, Colonel C. H. T. Marshall writes  : -We were unlucky with this bird's nest, as the first one we found was a new one, and the climber stupidly destroyed it; the next one had young ones. They breed very high up in the Himalayan spruce - fir. Captain Cock got three eggs last year in Cashmere. They are white, beautifully marked with broad longitudinal dashes of light and deep rufous brown at larger end. They are 1.05 long and 0.8 broad. These birds breed at high elevations, never under 7000 feet."

He subsequently wrote : -" Captain C. R. Cock sent me six eggs of this species which he found high up in the spruce - firs on the Murree and Abbotabad road near Doongagully.   The eggs were taken on the following dates : - 2 fresh eggs. May 31st.

" 2      „       June 6th.
" 2      „       June 8th.

“The lengths vary from 0.9 to 1.07, but there is no appreciable difference in the breadth, which is 0.77 to 0.81. The two most stumpy ones have the clouded zone round the smaller end, and on another egg the markings so graphically described by Mr. Hume do not form a zone, but entirely cover the large end."

Major Wardlaw Ramsay says, writing of Afghanistan : -" I shot a male specimen, one of a pair, on the Peiwar range at about 9000 feet . . .   The pair was evidently breeding."

Mr. Brooks thus describes the eggs : -" Texture smooth and similar to that of the English Hawfinch's egg. In shape the egg is broad and rapidly diminishes towards the small end. There is a slight gloss on the egg. Ground - colour pale greenish grey, with a very few blackish - brown spots over the whole surface, and at the larger end, and very near the end, is a zone of lines and spots of the same dark umber - brown, intermixed with some dark grey - coloured lines and spots of a Bunting - like character. Some eggs of the English Hawfinch in character strongly resemble the eggs of this kind, both in ground - colour and mode of marking."

The egg is at present one of the very rarest in our collections, so I add also my own description.

The eggs of this species, to judge from the specimen I possess, given me by Mr. Brooks and taken by Captain Cock, are a very pale greenish grey or greyish white tinged with green, with nume­rous blackish - brown tangled lines, some thick and bold, some very fine, twisted about and intertwined in a small zone immediately about the large end, all more or less underlaid by faint inky - purple clouds. Besides this zone a very few blackish spots and one or two streaks appear on other portions of the egg's surface, but these are very few and far between.

The egg measures 1.03 by 0.8 inch.




741. Pycnorhamphus icteroides.

 

The Black and Yellow Grosbeak.

Coccothraustes icterioides, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 8; Gould, Cent. pl. 45; Blyth, Cat. p. 125. Hesperiphona icterioides (Vig.), Horsf. & M. Cat. ii, p. 462; Jerd. B. I. ii, p. 384; Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xxxvii, pt. ii, p. 59; Hume & Henders. Bah. to Yark. p. 257 ; Cock & Marsh. S. F. i, p. 358 ; Brooks, J. A. S. B. xli, pt. ii, p. 84 ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 66 ; C. H. T. Marshall, Ibis, 1884, p. 420. Pycnorhamphus icteroides (Vig.), Hume, N. & E. p. 469; id. Cat. no. 725; Sharpe, Cat. B. M. xii, p. 44; Oates in Hume's N. & E. 2nd ed. ii, p. 150.

Coloration. Male. The whole head, chin and throat, wings, scapulars, sides of the back, upper tail-coverts, under wing-coverts, axillaries, and thighs dull black; remainder of plumage deep yellow, tinged with orange on the hind neck.

Female. Head, neck, chin, throat, breast, axillaries and under wing-coverts, back, scapulars, lesser and median wing-coverts, and the greater part of the outer webs of the greater coverts and secondaries ashy grey, the head darker than the other parts; rump fulvous ; upper tail-coverts grey; winglet, primary-coverts, and primaries black ; abdomen, sides of the body, and under tail-coverts fawn-buff.

A young male shot in August is moulting from the female to the adult male plumage.

Legs and feet fleshy pink; bill horny greenish; iris reddish brown (Hume). The bill becomes yellow in winter. A young bird had the bill waxy green; iris hazel; legs and feet pale fleshy (Bingham, August).

Length about 9; tail 3.7; wing 5.2; tarsus 1; bill from gape 1.

Distribution. The Himalayas from Murree and Central Kashmir eastwards to Garhwal, where this species is found in the hills north of Mussooree. Jerdon's statement that this bird extends into Nepal requires confirmation. This Grosbeak occurs from 5000 to 9000 feet, and according to Stoliczka not beyond the limit of the large forests.

Habits, &c. Breeds in May and June, constructing a nest of twigs and grass, lined with fern-roots, in a branch of a tree, and laying two or three eggs, which are white marked with broad longitudinal dashes of rufous-brown at the larger end, and measure from .9 to 1.07 in length by .77 to .81 in breadth.





(1039) Perissospiza icterioides icterioides.

 

The Black-and-Yellow Grosbeak.

Coccothraustes icterioides Vigors, P.Z.S., 1830, p. 8 (Simla,, Almora). Pycnorhamphus icteroides. Blanf. & Oates, ii, p. 198.

Vernacular names. None recorded.

Description. - Adult male. Whole head, throat, wings, tail-coverts, tail, scapulars and sides of the upper back, axillaries and thigh-coverts black; remainder of plumage bright golden yellow, tinged with orange on the nape.

Colours of soft parts. Iris reddish brown; bill waxy-yellow in winter, greenish-horny in summer; legs and feet pale flesh-colour.

Measurements. Total length about 230 mm.; wing 126 to 136mm., 122 to 128 mm.; tail 88 to 97 mm.: tarsus 28 to 29 mm.; culmen 23 to 25 mm.

Female. Upper plumage ashy-grey, the head rather darker and the ramp more fulvous ; tail black, the central feathers ashy-bronze ; winglet, greater coverts and primaries blackish; chin ashy-fulvous ; throat and breast like the back but paler; abdomen, flanks and under tail-coverts buff.

Young males are like the females but have a darker head and the lower back and rump yellow. There are no specimens in the British Museum series to show whether the nestling plumage differs from that of the female.

Distribution. Prom Afghanistan, Mussoorie and Mnrree through South Kashmir, the Simla States and Human.

Nidification. This Grosbeak breeds throughout its range between 7,500 and 10,000 feet in the months of April and May. It apparently has two broods, as Rattray took eggs as early as April 4th, whilst Jones took fresh eggs as late as the end of June. The nests are compact but rather bulky cups made of fine twigs, dried moss, lichen and plant-stems, lined with fine roots. They are built on Deodar-trees, generally on a branch close to the trunk, sometimes on a branch well away from it and, occasionally, on creepers growing over the tree. It may be placed at any height between 18 and 60 feet from the ground. The eggs are either two or three in number, the ground-colour a pale grey-green, rarely with a reddish tinge, marked sparsely with thick and fine hair-lines, a few blotches and spots of deep purple-black and a few similar underlying ones of pale neutral tint. Most of the markings are confined to the larger end, in some forming a definite zone or ring. The texture is fine and smooth and the shape a long, regular oval. Forty eggs average 28*3 x 19-9 mm.: maxima 32-0 x and 29-3 x 20*7 mm.; minima 26*1 X 20'2 ami 26-9 x 190 mm.

Habits. The Black-and-Yellow G-rosbeak seems to be resident wherever found, though it may move vertically a couple of thousand feet with the seasons, having been seen at 4,000 ieet in Winter. It is a sociable bird, assembling in small flocks and feeding on Pine-shoots and -seeds and other seeds and berries. They teed much on the ground. It is said to be a rather restless,noi^y bird, with a slow, dipping flight. Magrath says that its call-note sounds like 44 trekatree-trekup-trekup " and that the male has a sweet song.





Perissospiza icteroides Vigors.

 

Coccothraustes icteroides Vigors, P. Z. S., 1830-31, p. 8, Jan. 6, 1831: Himalayas ; Gould, Century of Birds, pl. 45, in pt. i, after Jan. 1831.





THE BLACK AND YELLOW GROSBEAK
Perissospiza icteroides (Vigors)


(Plate XV, Fig. i, opposite page 308)

Description:-

Length 9 inches.  Male : The whole head, chin and throat, the wings and tail and the thighs dull black ; remainder of plumage bright yellow, tinged with orange on the hind neck.

Female : The whole head and neck and the upper parts dull ashy-grey, becoming more fulvous above the tail; quills of the wing and tail black, the inner wing-quills and the central tail-feathers washed with ashy-grey; breast ashy-brown ; remainder of lower plumage bright tawny fulvous.

The bill is very heavy and conical in shape.

Iris brown; bill olive-green in male, horny-green in female; legs fleshy-pink, claws dusky.

Field Identification:-
West Himalayan form. A large heavily built Finch with a heavy conical greenish beak. The male is bright yellow with black head, wings and tail, the female dull ashy-colour with fulvous under parts. Conspicuous when feeding on the ground but difficult to see in trees and usually found through its distinctive call-note tre-ter tre-ter.

Distribution:-
A resident species in the Western Himalayas from Naini Tal to Hazara and Chitral; also in the Sufed Koh. It breeds in the spruce and silver fir forests between 7500 and 9000 feet, and in winter some drift lower to about 4000 feet.

It must not be confounded with the very similar Allied Grosbeak (Perissospiza affinis) which is found in the Himalayas from Hazara to Bhutan. This species frequents the high level silver fir and birch forests between 1o,ooo and 11,ooo feet. Its call notes are quite distinct from those of P, icteroides. In this the male has the thighs yellow and the yellow of the upper parts more orange. The female is a greener bird.

Both these Grosbeaks are easily distinguished by the bill from the Black-headed Oriole (Oriolus xanthornus) which many people confuse with them in spite of the different distribution (see p. 193).

Habits, etc:-
This Grosbeak is a bird of the Himalayan forests where it is found in all types of forest both deciduous and evergreen, but more particularly in stretches of silver firs and deodars. It feeds a good deal in the undergrowth and on the ground, often venturing on to the roads, but otherwise keeps mostly to the highest trees so that it is more often seen than heard. For the call-note, tre-ter tre-ter or trekatree trekatree, trekup trekupy uttered by both sexes, is one of the familiar sounds of a Himalayan forest or a Himalayan sanatorium. The song note of the male is a pretty whistle, tre-trui, tre-trui or tra trui-tree. The feeding note is chuck chuck.

The food consists of the fresh shoots of conifers and the seeds from their cones as well as the fruits of shrubs and plants in the undergrowth.

Out of the breeding season the birds collect into parties and small flocks.

The breeding season begins in April and continues until July and perhaps even until September, but most eggs are certainly to be found in June.

The nest may be built at any height from 18 to 60 feet from the ground and the usual situation is against the main trunk of a conifer, preferably a spruce, deodar or silver fir. It is, however, on occasion built on a horizontal bough and also in a non-coniferous tree such as a yew, lime or wild cherry. The materials of the nest, which is a wide cup, are fine twigs, lichens and silvery, plant-stems with often a certain amount of moss.   The cup is lined with dry grass and rootlets.

The clutch consists of two or three eggs.

The egg is broad in shape and rather pointed towards the small end; the texture is smooth and hard with a slight gloss. The groundcolour is pale greenish-grey marked with numerous blackish-brown tangled lines, some thick and bold, some very fine twisted and intertwined, in a zone round the broad end and more or less underlaid by faint inky-purple clouds. A few blackish-brown spots and odd Streaks are also found on the rest of the egg's surface.

The egg measures about 1.oo by o.o8 inches.




Museum Collections


Number of Museum Specimen Records Found : 16 for Mycerobas icterioides

No. Museum Species Collection Deatils Collector Date of Collection Record Locality GBIF Portal Link
1Cornell University Museum of VertebratesCoccothraustes icterioidesCU CUMV-Bird 18274SpecimenHimalaya Mountains India Southern Asia Link
2Cornell University Museum of VertebratesCoccothraustes icterioidesCU CUMV-Bird 18390SpecimenHimalaya Mountains India Southern Asia Link
3Yale University Peabody MuseumMycerobas icterioidesYPM ORN ORN.043486H. Whistler1925-03-18 00:00:00.0SpecimenSimla Hills Simla District Himachal Pradesh State India Southern Asia Link
4Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard UniversityCoccothraustes icterioidesMCZ BIRDS 288334Paynter, R. A., Jr.1958-11-16 00:00:00.0SpecimenKurram, Chappri Patti, 6 miles northwest of Parachinar Pakistan Asia Southern Asia Link
5Yale University Peabody MuseumMycerobas icterioidesYPM ORN ORN.088102R. A. Paynter1958-11-29 00:00:00.0SpecimenKaghan Valley Hazara District Pakistan Southern Asia Link
6Yale University Peabody MuseumMycerobas icterioidesYPM ORN ORN.088103R. A. Paynter1958-11-29 00:00:00.0SpecimenKaghan Valley Hazara District Pakistan Southern Asia Link
7Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard UniversityCoccothraustes icterioidesMCZ BIRDS 288331Paynter, R. A., Jr.1958-11-29 00:00:00.0SpecimenHazara, Kaghan Valley, Shogran Pakistan Asia Southern Asia Link
8Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard UniversityCoccothraustes icterioidesMCZ BIRDS 288332Paynter, R. A., Jr.1958-12-01 00:00:00.0SpecimenHazara, Kaghan Valley, Shogran Pakistan Asia Southern Asia Link
9Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard UniversityCoccothraustes icterioidesMCZ BIRDS 288337Paynter, R. A., Jr.1958-12-01 00:00:00.0SpecimenHazara, Kaghan Valley, Shogran Pakistan Asia Southern Asia Link
10Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard UniversityCoccothraustes icterioidesMCZ BIRDS 288336Paynter, R. A., Jr.1958-12-02 00:00:00.0SpecimenHazara, Kaghan Valley, Shogran Pakistan Asia Southern Asia Link
11Yale University Peabody MuseumMycerobas icterioidesYPM ORN ORN.088104R. A. Paynter1958-12-03 00:00:00.0SpecimenKaghan Valley Hazara District Pakistan Southern Asia Link
12Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard UniversityCoccothraustes icterioidesMCZ BIRDS 288330Paynter, R. A., Jr.1958-12-04 00:00:00.0SpecimenHazara, Kaghan Valley, Shogran Pakistan Asia Southern Asia Link
13Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard UniversityCoccothraustes icterioidesMCZ BIRDS 288333Paynter, R. A., Jr.1958-12-05 00:00:00.0SpecimenHazara, Kaghan Valley, Shogran Pakistan Asia Southern Asia Link
14Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard UniversityCoccothraustes icterioidesMCZ BIRDS 288335Paynter, R. A., Jr.1958-12-05 00:00:00.0SpecimenHazara, Kaghan Valley, Shogran Pakistan Asia Southern Asia Link
15Louisiana State University Museum of Natural ScienceCoccothraustes icterioidesLSUMZ Birds 69198Igbal, Mohammed1968-05-02 00:00:00.0SpecimenW. Pakistan: Dunga Gali NEEDS EDITING Pakistan Southern Asia Link
16Louisiana State University Museum of Natural ScienceCoccothraustes icterioidesLSUMZ Birds 69199Igbal, Mohammed1968-05-02 00:00:00.0SpecimenW. Pakistan: Dunga Gali NEEDS EDITING Pakistan Southern Asia Link

Biodiversity occurrence data provided by: (Accessed through GBIF Data Portal, 2009-08-06)


Data Providers
  • Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates ( 2 Records )

  • Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science ( 2 Records )

  • Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University ( 8 Records )

  • Yale University Peabody Museum ( 4 Records )


Sound/Call


1 calls found for Mycerobas icterioides



Remarks:
Call Type: song (A)

The Bird Calls are embedded through xeno-canto.org See Terms of Use xeno-canto.org


Links



Avibase - The World Bird Database for Black-and-yellow Grosbeak ( Mycerobas icterioides )

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IUCN Redlist Species FactSheet for Black-and-yellow Grosbeak ( Mycerobas icterioides )

NCBI Molecular Data for Black-and-yellow Grosbeak ( Mycerobas icterioides )

Pubmed Literature for Black-and-yellow Grosbeak ( Mycerobas icterioides )

Catalogue of Life : Annual Checklist for Black-and-yellow Grosbeak ( Mycerobas icterioides )

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Cite this website along with its URL as:
Anonymous. 2013 Mycerobas icterioides - Vigors, 1831 (Black-and-yellow Grosbeak ) in Deomurari, A.N. (Compiler), 2010. AVIS-IBIS (Avian Information System - Indian BioDiversity Information System) v. 1.0. Foundation For Ecological Security, India retrieved on 05/14/2013
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